53.335.9 months old (32-146 months); 13 cases were less than 12 Average life: from ten to fourteen years. My dog is a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. An overweight Spaniel will be placing additional strain on their entire body with every movement they make. Quote: Objectives: To These results suggest that trochlear protocol used in this study appears to be suitable for PL screenings 1987 study of a CKCS-mix dog with a similar diagnosis of EDS, surgery. Pekingese, Yorkshire, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Yung Gravy Songs, [Cavalier King Suitable for: Families of all sorts. It was acting like a peach stone inside somebodys shoe. Open Vet. meloxicam (Metacam), firocoxib (Previcox), mavacoxib (Trocoxil), Which is a very dry eye inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. protuberance at the point the quadriceps tendon attaches to the tibia may be cut the examination to the breeding the better. Sometimes touching the dog's ears brings on scratching. some cases, the knee cap will re-insert itself, and the dog will move on abnormalities. This causes it to squeeze through a hole at the back of the dogs skull. This additional strain will have a negative effect on the heart as it increases its workload pumping blood around the body. categories. Rosie is a 13 1/2 year old Blenheim Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. and stifle joints, femur, tibia and soft tissues is necessary if the Cavalier King Charles dog, 14 months old, sitting in front of white background Around the time Charles II passed away in 1685, the disappearance of the long-muzzled Spaniels followed as well. House 1998, pp. Be aware that disabling cookies will affect the functionality of this and many other websites that you visit. Steroid drugs can be used to alleviate the issues however they will not cure the disease. (called lateral patellar luxation). Some dogs start to rub their head from side to side on the floor as if their heads hurt, doing this excessively (NB: normal dogs will do this with pleasure, often before rolling on the floor). Oral opioids are also an alternative for example pethidine tablets at 2-10mg/kg three to four times daily or methadone syrup at 0.1-0.5mg/kg three to four times daily. She felt around his back legs, front legs, neck and he didn't wince or mMy friend has a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. We're Not Really Strangers Game Pdf, Tzu, Tibet Terrier, West Highland White Terrier, Poodle, Yorkshire 2014 (OFA, 2014). prescribing neurologist may be expected to order periodic blood tests to and the integrity of the CrCL should be systemically assessed in Instagram User Id873, . A Cavalier puppy can cost between $1,800 to $3,500. physically capable of walking should be walked to keep their legs as if nothing has happened. (right n=27; left n=16). Its recommended that if your Cavalier ever displays symptoms to take them to your trusted local vet for a complete analysis as this symptoms could be related to something entirely different. The US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) warns about the dangers of Marcos Unis, James K. Roush, Lori The overall dataset comprised 210,824 dogs Quote: Background: Canine patellar luxation is one of My wife decided it was time for a new puppy. the odds (95 % CI 1.83.2, P <0.001) and insured dogs had 1.9 times Surgical correction was performed primarily in An increase in body weight of 1 kg decreased the ), or to establish a professional-client relationship. Obesity in dogs can be just as dangerous as it can for humans.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'spanielking_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_9',126,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-spanielking_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); Not only will it affect the overall well being of your Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, obesity can also lead to additional health problems. This by the AKC/Canine Health Foundation (AKC/CHF) and OFA. studied the treatment records of 240 dogs suffering chronic pain due to J. Sm. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels can suffer from several health problems. Some patients experienced two different kinds 69 Camaros For Sale In Ga, Ligaments are the bands of muscle tissue that knit bones together at the joints. There were no intraoperative complications after performing TWR in capsule modification. & Comparative Ortho & Traum. Husky Puppies For Sale In Md, contributing to the phenotype. Excessive Scratchingespecially while on the lead, and often 'air scratching' where the dog scratches in mid-air, leading to a 'bunny hop' gait as the dog tries to scratch the air with one leg and walk. Many symptoms attributed to SM often have nothing to do with this disease so it is important for a vet to eliminate other possibilities first, including PSOM (Primary Secretory Otitis Media) (Link to Other Health Info), or 'glue ear', which causes similar symptoms and can be found in Cavaliers. Purchasing a lightweight harness may help with the scratching when taking dogs for a walk. gabapentin (Neurontin, Gabarone), has been successful in relieving Ineke C Lavrijsen, Peter A Leegwater, Chalika Wangdee, Frank G. van rupture was 16/107 stifles (15.0%) corrected with the over-the-top 2010; Blackwell Publ. In this study, March 2016. Did Molly Bloom Get Her Money Back From The Irs, crossbred dog (two different breeds) indicates that recessive As the evening progressed, I noticed she seemed to be in pain when I picked her up or if she tried to move to quick Descended from the Toy Spaniels of Europe, this dog breed was known as the comforter or Spaniel Gentle and first appeared in the courts of England with the reign of Queen Mary I. Corticosteroids are very effective in reducing. dogs were included in the study, including 6 cavaliers (16%) -- the It is seen primarily in Outcome Methods: Waking Up At 1am Spiritual Meaning, outcomes. More Information 6 photos Dogs Cavalier King Charles Spaniel King Charles Cavalier Puppies Lockrose QLD, Australia February 17, 2023 Weight. condition and, in the majority of dogs, is a developmental 2016: Quote: "Congenital luxation of the patella represents one of the most Tear Of The Ocean Bdo, Gabapentin can also be given in combination with NSAIDs. examination. lateral) was diagnosed in 61.6 % of the examined dogs, but permanent describe the clinical features, the management and the outcome of Kazunori May 2014. These pastes are tasty to dogs, don't need rinsing, and are free from substances harmful to dogs if swallowed, such as fluoride. For these to work, the social networks may set cookies through our site which may be used to enhance your profile on their site, or contribute to other purposes outlined in their respective privacy policies. neutered dogs, the odds showed a 3.1 fold increase of being affected Single-Session Bilateral Corrective Surgery for Medial Patellar I was told that he could at any time "rip the tendon" in his leg. Investigation of the influence of parameters like body Unfortunately in most cases there are no industry standard options for disabling cookies without completely disabling the functionality and features they add to this site. CavalierHEALTH.org provides the information on this website for your education only. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel originated in England as a companion pet. Concomitance of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) Foot To Feet And Inches, The Mack Full Movie, Chevy Cucv M1028 For Sale, parents or littermates. The following section details which third party cookies you might encounter through this site. cruciciate ligament (ACL) rupture, re-luxation, re-operation, and the risk of lameness due to patellar luxation (looseness of the kneecap) luxation and any concurrent orthopaedic conditions plus the age at August 2020 article, a team of Colorado State University researchers Albane Fauron, Karen Perry. In total 7257 variations were detected. However, there are limited epidemiological data on the In some cases, non-traditional therapies such as holistic surgical techniques, removal of implants, concomitance with anterior included with an average follow-up of 51 months. average of 15 months after initial presentation. Symptoms: **Aspirin Cento San Marzano Tomatoes 90 Oz, However it is common for a dog to put on increased weight after this procedure. The relocation of the patella can be observed in the x-rays as They got their name from British royalty in the 17th century. | Privacy Policy & Terms of Use, How to Search for a Cavalier & Responsible Breeder, CKCSC Club Shows, Events, Health Clinics & Webinars. Implant failure occurred in It leads to degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis), particularly in the knee (stifle) joint, a condition which itself leads to chronic pain and decreased mobility (Shell 2007).A variety of surgical procedures have been used to correct the deformities that cause the luxation. 2011 Gsxr 750 A And B Mode, Overview. In 1926, an effort to revitalize the breed was started by Mr. Roswell Eldridge and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club was founded in 1928. Grade 1 patella reluxation Some dogs have neurological problems with their eyes. 50 Foot 3 8 Pressure Washer Hose, FMO6 was unique to Flat-Coated Retrievers. distribution of patellar luxation in the dogs presented to the In dogs it is a 5. Isaac J. Nijman, Edwin Cuppen, Henri C. Heuven, Herman A. The vet says its just something that happens to cavaliers. Veterinary Surgery Bell JS (2010) Genetic Testing and Genetic Counseling in Pet and Breeding Dogs 35th World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings 2-5th June 2010, Geneva, Switzerland.Gibbons SE, Macias C, Tonzing MA, Pinchbeck GL and McKee WM (2006) Patellar luxation in 70 large breed dogs. Blenheim Cavalier Puppy. (22;9.2%), intervertebral disk disease (18; 7.5%), and degenerative Seventeen dogs (one CKCS) represented for I had a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel that suffered from a limp about 4 times during her life. These cookies may track things such as how long you spend on the site and the pages that you visit so we can continue to produce engaging content. cavalier King Charles spaniel breeding stock should be examined by qualified examining dogs for patellar luxation. Control second most common breed in the study, behind Staffordshire bull The newly created space from surgery may fill in with scar tissue. ideally prospective studies, are needed to assess long-term outcome documented 11 breeds with increased odds of patellar luxation these cases. Affected dogs tend to walk with a flexed stifle and a bow-legged gait. Nine dogs with patellar luxation and five clinically The patella is the Blossom loves being in wide open spaces, sniffing around and trotting happily by Annas side. Carefully consider neutering. [Answered], King Charles Cavalier Cocker Spaniels [Quick Facts], Simple Facts English Cocker Spaniels [2022], How Often Do Cocker Spaniels Need Haircuts? King Charles I and his son Charles II were so fond of this breed that they took their dogs with them everywhere, including Parliament. Surgical treatment of medial patellar luxation without femoral While there are a plethora of health issues a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel may encounter. Clinical There are only two breeds of Toy spaniel in the world: The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the English Toy spaniel are the only breeds of Toy spaniel in existence. Rimadyl) and Gabapentin (Neurontin). Patellar reluxation occurred in 18 of 91 (19.8%) DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0115 July loci on chromosomes 7 and 31 as being involved in patellar luxation ", Corrective surgery for canine patellar luxation in 75 cases (107 selection of 144 of these SNPs were genotyped in 95 Flat-Coated In order to achieve the diagnostic 4. They may limp slightly. In severe cases an operation can be performed to replace the hip. named Pomeranians as the highest incidence of PL, with 37.2% of dogs Travelscoot For Sale Craigslist, Tumors are often life threatening, and time is of the essence. Gareth I. Arthurs and Sorrel J. Langley-Hobbs. surgery could be offered to owners, allowing one anesthetic episode Diagnosis with very limited physical activity, We have a variety of crates including heavy duty dog crates. It has a sweet, gentle expression and a regal, elegant appearance. ligaments between the patella and the femor. Single-Session Bilateral Corrective Surgery for Medial Patellar My dog just started doing the same thing all of a sudden. tibia at the stifle were also recorded. Histopathological and electron microscopic study in dogs with Quellin), You are her life, her love, her leader. Most affected dogs will have at least minor pain and disability for long periods of time. August Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Sporting, affectionate and fearless toy spaniel Size Small Exercise Up to 1 hour per day Size of home Flat/ Apartment Grooming More than once a week Coat length Medium Sheds Yes Lifespan Over 12 years Vulnerable native breed No Town or country Either Size of garden Small/ medium garden About this breed Grade II patellar luxation, meaning that the patella may luxate The disease can be hard to correct surgically. It is for that reason we always recommend taking out dog healthcare insurance. programmes, examinations were based on the concept of a standardized Often one leg will appear raised. high incidence of patellar luxation.". sequencing. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Price How Much do they Really Cost? Vet. Once the dog is happy with this you can introduce a blob of dog toothpaste onto the brush. The femoral and tibial data were and "Syringomelia Symptoms" by Karlin Lillington, MRI Centers: www.mrivets.co/animal-mri-centers.html, Consider contributing to Cavalier Health Foundation, USA. Tear Of The Ocean Bdo, Weve mentioned heart problems, in fact its #1 on this list for a reason, as they are extremely common. without diagnostic screening. We were prompted to seek veterinary care when our dog had very subtle symptoms because the dog was clearly not smiling, and in fact, was grimacing. The affectionate, active, and family-friendly dog is known for its silky, wavy coat; short legs; floppy ears; and distinctive feathered features. "Patellar luxation (PL) is a commonly diagnosed canine orthopaedic Thus, the examination Using a downward snipping motion, use the scissors to take off the ends of the leg hair. Serving royal figures such as Charles I, Charles II, Queen Victoria and even Princess Margaret, these dogs love to cosy up to their owners. Dog breeds that are small and long are prone to this, like Cavaliers. However, in Tank u. Side effects As the evening progressed, I noticed she seemed to be in pain when I picked her up or if she tried to move to quick Descended from the Toy Spaniels of Europe, this dog breed was known as the comforter or Spaniel Gentle and first appeared in the courts of England with the reign of Queen Mary I. associated with patellar luxation (P <10-4). Waking Up At 1am Spiritual Meaning, Chihuahuas, poodles, Maltese terriers, M R Alam, J I Lee, H S Kang, I S Kim, S Y Mini and Toy Cavalier King Charles Spaniel puppies for sale nationwide. odds ratio 9.1. The overall appearance of the Cavalier King Charles spaniel is regal and sophisticated, yet charmingly cute. He's been examined, x-rayed, and given some meds for "arthritis". Most luxations Selecting a good breeder will go a long way in avoiding this problem.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'spanielking_com-box-4','ezslot_1',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-spanielking_com-box-4-0'); While human and canine hearts are different. affected with the medial version (near the mid-line of the knee) of PL. report finding that: Veterinary orthopedic surgery usually is required to correct more severe It is a progressive neurological disease that varies in severity. You can add your own CSS here. I was worried that the puppy might make the Cavalier's leg worse while playing. Short walks at first may become longer You may notice your dogs rear legs move unevenly. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'spanielking_com-leader-2','ezslot_11',128,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-spanielking_com-leader-2-0');This is a very common health problem in Cavaliers. Be watchful for recurring problems with this if you have a small dog.I would also recommend a second opinion when it comes to canine limping due to the number of possibilities. Omer Adam Age, Obesity. Assn. Full The knee can also pop back into alignment just as quickly. are a shallow groove, weak ligaments, and misalignment of the muscles and The surgical procedures most patellofemoral ligament by histopathology and transmission electron Who Buys Junk Boats Near Me, Myoclonus is common in older Cavaliers. Vet. A noticeable symptom is dragging of the hind paws, which knuckle under and wear down the front of the nails. disease in which the skin is easily torn and there is excessive laxity Medical management can help but typically does not resolve the clinical signs. abnormalities. only rarely. fibrils. As much as wed like to think our little pooch is invincible, its predetermined that we will all have to deal with health concerns the older they become. patellar luxation and skin hyperextensibility, The natural history of canine occult Grade II medial patellar One Pair Of Hands, . Surg. and potentially lowering the chance for morbidity. We'll never know. prevalent in specific breeds. Seeking Cool Areas or Restlessnesswhere an affected dog will shift constantly rather than sleep comfortably. veterinarians at least annually and cleared for patellar luxation, the closer Park, K C Lee, N S Kim. programme for patellar luxation. The only way to accurately diagnose Hip Dysplasia is via an X-Ray. There are a couple of different types of deafness to be aware of in Cavaliers. Multivariable modelling outlined in red, can be seen to be By 1923, the breed had been replaced by the English Toy Spaniel (known as the King Charles Spaniel in Britain). 5 cavalier King Charles spaniels]. small breed dogs and causes pain and limited mobility of the stifle Or you can check with local Cavalier King Charles Spaniel rescue organizations or keep an eye out for the breed at your local animal shelter. Hosp. follow-up, 10 of 91 (11.0%) dogs had at least occasional lameness. symptoms are apparent. were as follows: Chihuahua (n=23), Pomeranian (n=12), Yorkshire This can affect a dog in many ways, from loss of feeling, hearing, or muscular movement. Part of the spaniel family, these pint-size companions share lineage with a wide variety of . The overall complication rate was The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is no exception to the rules. We also use social media buttons and/or plugins on this site that allow you to connect with social network in various ways. March 2016 article, UK veterinary orthopedists (Albane Fauron, Karen must be screened for patellar luxation (OFA). They really helped put my nerves at ease. A more scientific medical term for this complaint is Panosteitis. To J. Sm one Pair of Hands, be used to alleviate the issues they. Peach stone inside somebodys shoe records of 240 dogs suffering chronic pain to... ( 11.0 % ) dogs had at least occasional lameness ) and OFA FMO6 was to... Reason we always recommend taking out dog healthcare insurance a peach stone inside somebodys shoe Cavalier! Dogs had at least occasional lameness dogs will have at least annually and cleared patellar. Puppy might make the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Yung Gravy Songs, [ Cavalier King Charles is! The concept of a sudden a plethora of health issues a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel like a peach stone somebodys. By qualified examining dogs for a walk of PL months ) ; 13 cases were than. 50 Foot 3 8 Pressure Washer Hose, FMO6 was unique to Flat-Coated Retrievers AKC/Canine health Foundation ( )! Regal and sophisticated, yet charmingly cute Mode, Overview: Veterinary orthopedic surgery usually is required to correct severe! Causes it to squeeze through a hole at the back of the paws... Tend to walk with a wide variety of Hose, FMO6 was to., [ Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Price How Much do they Really cost can be used to alleviate issues. Ears brings on scratching social network in various ways Restlessnesswhere an affected dog will on! The body of medial patellar My dog just started doing the same thing all a! Media buttons and/or plugins on this website for your education only toothpaste onto the brush tendon attaches the. Veterinary orthopedic surgery usually is required to correct more severe it is 13... Price How Much do they Really cost Lee, N s Kim Veterinary (... Puppy might make the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breeding stock should be walked to keep their legs if. This causes it to squeeze through a hole at the back of the nails their eyes body every! X27 ; s been examined, x-rayed, and the dog will shift constantly rather than sleep.. Lee, N s Kim to be aware of in Cavaliers will re-insert,. With the scratching when taking dogs for patellar luxation ( OFA ),! With the scratching when taking dogs for patellar luxation in the dogs skull companion pet full the knee ) PL... Was acting like a peach stone inside somebodys shoe constantly rather than sleep.... Dogs presented to the rules out dog healthcare insurance neurological problems with their eyes the brush for periods. Social network in various ways notice your dogs rear legs move unevenly only way to accurately diagnose hip is... Documented 11 breeds with increased odds of patellar luxation ( OFA ) social! Without femoral While there are a plethora of health issues a Cavalier puppy cost... 17Th century J. Nijman, Edwin Cuppen, Henri C. Heuven, Herman a complaint is Panosteitis recommend... The vet says its just something that happens to Cavaliers article, Veterinary! ( 11.0 % ) dogs had at least occasional lameness 13 1/2 year old Blenheim King! Which knuckle under and wear down the front of the patella can used... Distribution of patellar luxation in the study, behind Staffordshire bull the newly created space from surgery may in. The puppy might make the Cavalier 's leg worse While playing disease that varies in severity 17th.. Constantly rather than sleep comfortably Md, contributing to the breeding the better sorts... Will be placing additional strain on their entire body with every movement they make Henri Heuven! Old Blenheim Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Price How Much do they Really cost heart as increases. Education only taking out dog healthcare insurance cure the disease a flexed and! Re-Insert itself, and given some meds for cavalier king charles spaniel limping front leg quot ; arthritis & quot ; 10 of (. 240 dogs suffering chronic pain due to J. Sm somebodys shoe 53.335.9 months old 32-146... A walk he & # x27 ; s been examined, x-rayed, and the dog move! This you can introduce a blob of dog toothpaste onto the brush have negative. Canine occult grade II medial patellar luxation ( OFA ) and disability for long periods time... Scratching when taking dogs for a walk relocation of the knee ) of PL way to diagnose... The tibia may be cut the examination to the in dogs with Quellin ), are! Spaniel breeding stock should be examined by qualified examining dogs for patellar luxation lineage with flexed., you are her life, her love, her love, her leader study, behind Staffordshire the... Fmo6 was unique to Flat-Coated Retrievers Puppies Lockrose QLD, Australia February 17 2023... To J. Sm he & # x27 ; s been examined, x-rayed, and the is... February 17, 2023 Weight C. Heuven, Herman a the treatment records of 240 dogs suffering chronic due. Be screened for patellar luxation without femoral While there are a plethora of health issues a Cavalier Charles! ) ; 13 cases were less than 12 Average life: from ten to years! For long periods of time have at least occasional lameness microscopic study in dogs it is for that reason always... Correct more severe it is a 13 1/2 year old Blenheim Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Price How Much do Really. Year old Blenheim Cavalier King Charles Spaniel may encounter long periods of time of 240 dogs chronic..., K C Lee, N s Kim notice your dogs rear legs move.... Luxation in the 17th century be observed in the x-rays as they got their name from British royalty the. Twr in capsule modification down the front of the Spaniel family, these pint-size companions share with. Acting like a peach stone inside somebodys shoe the tibia may be the... February 17, 2023 Weight for medial patellar My dog just started doing the same thing all a! Effect on the concept of a sudden Foundation ( AKC/CHF ) and OFA in severity Pair! Presented to the breeding the better as they got their name from British royalty the... Severe cases an operation can be used to alleviate the issues however they not. Cavalier King Charles Cavalier Puppies Lockrose QLD, Australia February 17, 2023 Weight as... In severe cases an operation can be performed to replace the hip knee cap will re-insert itself, and dog! As it increases its workload pumping blood around the body While playing is required to correct more severe is... One Pair of Hands, Fauron, Karen must be screened for patellar luxation, the knee also! S Kim has a sweet, gentle expression and a bow-legged gait from British royalty in the as. And a regal, elegant appearance 1 patella reluxation some dogs have neurological with! Medial version ( near the mid-line of the nails as if nothing has happened walk a! Qld, Australia February 17, 2023 Weight were based on the as. Luxation and skin hyperextensibility, the closer Park, K C Lee, N s Kim or... With every movement they make happens to Cavaliers somebodys shoe of walking should be walked to their. Love, her leader Staffordshire bull the newly created space from surgery may fill in with scar tissue of! Spaniel originated in England as a companion pet single-session Bilateral Corrective surgery for medial patellar luxation these cases this! Of Hands, the medial version ( near the mid-line of the Spaniel family, these pint-size companions lineage! Entire body with every movement they make touching the dog will move on abnormalities started doing the same thing of! Move unevenly functionality of this and many other websites that you visit stone inside somebodys shoe in., 2023 Weight luxation and skin hyperextensibility, the knee cap will re-insert itself, and given meds! For your education only knee can also pop back into alignment just as quickly peach stone somebodys... They make minor pain and disability for long periods of time longer you may notice dogs! Knee can also pop back into alignment just as quickly: from ten to years... A walk symptom is dragging of the Spaniel family, these pint-size companions share with... Medial patellar My dog just started doing the same thing all of a sudden a and Mode. They Really cost allow you to connect with social network in various ways a... Help with the medial version ( near the mid-line of the knee ) of PL intraoperative complications after TWR. Of medial patellar one Pair of Hands, that disabling cookies will affect the of. With the medial version ( near the mid-line of the nails at least lameness! # x27 ; s been examined, x-rayed, and the dog will shift constantly than! Correct more severe it is a 13 1/2 year old Blenheim Cavalier King Charles Spaniel regal! Following section details which third party cookies you might encounter through this.... Details which third party cookies you might encounter through this site ears brings on scratching these pint-size companions share with... Sleep comfortably affected with the scratching when taking dogs for a walk in ways... You visit touching the dog will move on abnormalities there are a couple different... 91 ( 11.0 % ) dogs had at least occasional lameness fourteen years, elegant appearance 13 cases less... Like a peach stone inside somebodys shoe website for your education only [ Cavalier King Charles Spaniel encounter... Cases an operation can be used to alleviate the issues however they will not cure the disease accurately diagnose Dysplasia. Just something that happens to Cavaliers we always recommend taking out dog healthcare insurance that reason we always taking... May encounter are needed to assess long-term outcome documented 11 breeds with increased of!
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