"He was an Irishman and looked upon himself as an Ulster Irishman as well as being British. From that time until the early 1990s the Mid-Ulster Brigade was led by Robin "the Jackal" Jackson, who then passed the leadership to Billy Wright. [9] Spence served until 1961 when ill-health forced him to leave. [1] Spence, along with other Shankill Road loyalists, broke from Paisley in 1965 when they sided with Jim Kilfedder in a row that followed the latter's campaigns in Belfast West. In May 1966, the UVF issued a statement, announcing that it was declaring war on the IRA. Then, use free funeral planning tools to plan out the best funeral for your loved one. 2023 BBC. [123][124], The strength of the UVF is uncertain. Hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of the former loyalist leader Gusty Spence. He was shot dead by the IRA in November 1982, four months after his release from the Maze Prison. The UVF was also clashing with the UDA in the summer of 2000. Formed in 1965, it first emerged in 1966. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. Entdecke Gareth Mulvenna - Mein Leben in Loyalitt - Neues Taschenbuch - C245A in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Brian Ervine said: "His contribution to the peace is incalculable and without him, probably the paramilitaries would still be at war. Mr Spence argued for a ceasefire with republicans from as early as the mid-1970s and played a key role in encouraging young loyalists he met in prison to think of the reasons for their involvement in violence. [128] Information regarding the role of women in the UVF is limited. [53] These men had overthrown the "hawkish" officers, who had called for a "big push", which meant an increase in violent attacks, earlier in the same month. [4] He married Isabella "Bella" Hayes, Gusty Spence's mother, in 1919. On 17 February 1979, the UVF carried out its only major attack in Scotland, when its members bombed two pubs in Glasgow frequented by Irish-Scots Catholics. Until recent years,[12] it was noted for secrecy and a policy of limited, selective membership. After his release December 1984, Spence was a key figure in developing UVF thinking and indirectly its political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party. [21] In April 1966, Ulster loyalists led by Ian Paisley, a Protestant fundamentalist preacher, founded the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee (UCDC). VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. [121][122] The UVF did not return to regular bombings until the early 1990s when it obtained a quantity of the mining explosive Powergel. [26] He died of his wounds on 11 June. [149] It is estimated that the UVF nevertheless received hundreds of thousands of pounds in donations to its Loyalist Prisoners Welfare Association. Former Ulster Volunteer Force leader Gusty Spence has died aged 78. "He was really a role model for many young men who would follow.". This era also saw a more widespread targeting on the UVF's part of IRA and Sinn Fin members, beginning with the killing of senior IRA member Larry Marley[62] and a failed attempt on the life of a leading republican which left three Catholic civilians dead. It was the UVF's deadliest attack in Northern Ireland, and the deadliest attack in Belfast during the Troubles. [47] Spence went on to become a leading advocate for the Good Friday Agreement. [9] According to the book Lost Lives (2006 edition), it was responsible for 569 killings. Paisley had intimated that Kilfedder, a rival for the leadership of dissident unionism, was close to Fine Gael after learning that he had attended party meetings while a student at Trinity College Dublin. [37], The IRA had split into the Provisional IRA and Official IRA in December 1969. [127] A British Army report released in 2006 estimated a peak membership of 1,000. Also, why did the author not probe the close relationship between Gusty Spence and the RHC? [92], During the Belfast City Hall flag protests of 201213, senior UVF members were confirmed to have actively been involved in orchestrating violence and rioting against the PSNI and the Alliance Party throughout Northern Ireland during the weeks of disorder. A number of friends and family members spoke at the service at St Michael's Church of Ireland on the Shankill Road. [82] The IICD confirmed that "substantial quantities of firearms, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices" had been decommissioned and that for the UVF and RHC, decommissioning had been completed. [101], In April 2021, riots erupted across Loyalist communities in Northern Ireland.[relevant? In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an organisation which was responsible for hundreds of sectarian murders during the Troubles. The UVF carried out dozens of sectarian murderers and it was while he was serving a sentence in Long Kesh prison for his role in the murder of a Catholic that Mr Spence began to change his views about the use of violence. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. What's he waiting for? F". "He was an Irishman and looked upon himself as an Ulster Irishman as well as being British. She said: "Some people have said that in his later life, he changed to become committed to peace. This collection contains Gusty Spence's personal and business correspondence from 1959-1998, the bulk of which was written during . "On behalf of Sinn Fein I would wish to extend my condolences to his family at this time.". At his funeral yesterday, Mr Spence said he was not there to deify Mr Lynch, whom he described as "a simple man but a wealthy one in terms of his friends and his love for his country". There were no paramilitary trappings as mourners carried the coffin of the loyalist leader. Among their engagements was one as guests of honour of the National Committee on American Foreign Policy. [24] The murder of Ward was, however, repudiated by Paisley and condemned in his Protestant Telegraph, sealing the split between the two. THE self described "old UVF man", Mr Gusty Spence (64), gave a brief oration at the funeral of Mr Jim Lynch (72), a former officer commanding (OC) of the IRA, at Cootehill, Co Cavan, yesterday. It issued a statement vowing to "remove republican elements from loyalist areas" and stop them "reaping financial benefit therefrom". Slowly. The feud with the UDA ended in December following seven deaths. [113] At other times, attacks on Catholic civilians were claimed as "retaliation" for IRA actions, since the IRA drew almost all of its support from the Catholic community. In keeping with his wishes, there were no paramilitary trappings and his coffin was draped with the regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles, in which he served. In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an. [108], The UVF's stated goal was to combat Irish republicanism particularly the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and maintain Northern Ireland's status as part of the United Kingdom. [151] On 10 February 1976, following the sudden uptick of violence against Catholic civilians by loyalist militants, Irish cardinal William Conway and nine other Catholic bishops met with British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his cabinet, asking them as to where the loyalist militants had acquired guns, to which Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Merlyn Rees replied "Canada". [18] On 27 May, Spence ordered four UVF men to kill an Irish Republican Army (IRA) member, Leo Martin, who lived on the Falls Road. A man who worked tirelessly for peace. [citation needed] The arms were divided between the UVF, the UDA (the largest loyalist group) and Ulster Resistance.[61]. During the riot, UVF members shot dead RUC officer Victor Arbuckle. [150] The Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee noted in its report that "in 1992 it was estimated that Scottish support for the UDA and UVF might amount to 100,000 a year. His funeral service is taking place at Saint Michael's church off the Shankill Road. [7] His family had a long tradition of Orange Order membership. He added: "I think it helped to set some of the tone to bring us to where we are now.". The UVF agreed to a ceasefire in October 1994. Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. The Reverend Martin Smyth was influential in Spence' being thrown out the Orange Order. The party's former leader Dawn Purvis told his funeral in the loyalist heartland of Belfasts Shankill Road that Mr Spence became involved in violence in the 1960s. The charges were dropped but later in 1966 he was given life for the murder of Peter Ward, who had called in to a Shankill Road bar with Catholic workmates and was shot dead as he left. Six of the victims were abducted at random, then beaten and tortured before having their throats slashed. The unnamed woman stated, "When you go out and throw a petrol bomb through a widow's window, you're no peacemaker. He was jailed for life for the murder of a Catholic barman in 1966 and served 18 years in prison. There was to be much overlap in membership between the UCDC/UPV and the UVF.[22]. Another loyalist paramilitary organisation called Ulster Resistance was formed on 10 November 1986. Photograph: Peter Morrison/AP. for a proxy bomb attack targeting a "peace-building" event in Belfast where Irish Foreign Minister Simon Coveney was speaking. Gusty Spence (1933-2011) was a Loyalist paramilitary volunteer, a founding member and early leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). As a lone piper led his funeral cortege through the area, the streets were lined by mourners. He was jailed for life for the murder of a Catholic barman in 1966 and served 18 years in prison. [75] This was to take effect from midnight. Hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of the former loyalist leader Gusty Spence. He then became involved in politics and announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. The Irish Army set up field hospitals near the border. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade was founded in 1972 in Lurgan by Billy Hanna, a sergeant in the UDR and a member of the Brigade Staff, who served as the brigade's commander, until he was shot dead in July 1975. Gusty Spence, who died over the weekend, was a paramilitary godfather in Northern Ireland and one of the founding figures of the UVF, but was also among the first to recognise the need for peace. My experience of Gusty was as the whole man. [94] The high levels of orchestration by the leadership of the East Belfast UVF, and the alleged ignored orders from the main leaders of the UVF to stop the violence has led to fears that the East Belfast UVF has now become a separate loyalist paramilitary grouping which doesn't abide by the UVF ceasefire or the Northern Ireland Peace Process. One study focusing in part on female members of the UVF and Red Hand Commando noted that it "seem[ed] to have been reasonably unusual" for women to be officially asked to join the UVF. "[18], In November 2013, after a series of shootings and acts of intimidation by the UVF, Police Federation Chairman Terry Spence declared that the UVF ceasefire was no longer active. This collection contains Gusty Spence's personal and business correspondence from 1959-1998, the bulk of which was written during Spence's time in prison (1966-1984). He died on 17 May 2009, from a suspected heart attack at his home and was given a paramilitary funeral by the UVF. After several years away from the spotlight, Spence was again asked to read the statement, a role which senior loyalists said was indicative of his significance within Northern Ireland loyalism. ][102] On 11 April, the UVF reportedly ordered the removal of Catholic families from a housing estate in Carrickfergus. . Mr Lynch's widow, Norma, recollected last night that the late Catholic primate of Ireland, Cardinal O Fiaich, had said that "if there was a hope for peace in Ireland it would come through Gusty". THE self described "old UVF man", Mr Gusty Spence (64), gave a brief oration at the funeral of Mr Jim Lynch (72), a former officer commanding (OC) of the IRA, at Cootehill, Co Cavan,. Leader of the, 414 (~85%) were civilians, 11 of whom were civilian political activists, 21 (~4%) were members or former members of republican paramilitary groups, 44 (~9%) were members or former members of loyalist paramilitary groups, 6 (~1%) were members of the British security forces. More militant members of the UVF who disagreed with the ceasefire, broke away to form the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF), led by Billy Wright. Blood and rage: a cultural history of terrorism, "Granddaughter of victim says Gusty Spence was not a peacemaker", "Shankill shuts to pay its respects to UVF chief Gusty Spence", BBC News, Thursday, 3 May 2007, "Loyalist veteran's path to peace", Murders of Andrew Robb and David McIlwaine, Ulster Loyalist Central Co-ordinating Committee, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gusty_Spence&oldid=1136743955, Loyalists imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict, People convicted of murder by Northern Ireland, People from Northern Ireland convicted of murder, Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Northern Ireland, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Hiberno-English, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 January 2023, at 22:44. [56] The UVF's activities in the last years of the decade were increasingly being curtailed by the number of UVF members who were sent to prison. The group concluded a general acceptance of the need to decommission, though there was no conclusive proof of moves towards this end. The arms are thought to have consisted of: The UVF used this new infusion of arms to escalate their campaign of sectarian assassinations. [25], On 27 May, Spence sent four UVF members to kill IRA volunteer Leo Martin, who lived in Belfast. Read about our approach to external linking. According to Billy Mitchell, Spence quizzed him and others sent to the Maze about why they were there, seeking an ideological answer to his question. But despite the statement, the UVF was subsequently involved in sporadic violence, including several murders. A number of friends and family members spoke at the service at St Michael's Church of Ireland on the Shankill Road. Another former PUP leader, Dawn Purvis, said Spence's opinions began to shift sooner than is generally perceived. [131] The UVF has also been involved in the extortion of legitimate businesses, although to a lesser extent than the UDA,[138] and was described in the fifth IMC report as being involved in organised crime. [67] According to Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN), the UVF killed 17 active and four former republican paramilitaries. The Irish parliament's Joint Committee on Justice called the bombings an act of "international terrorism" involving the British security forces. The statement also included a warning that activities could "provoke another generation of loyalists toward armed resistance". Correspondence includes Spence's correspondence with leaders and imprisoned members of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and letters concerning his imprisonment originally . Former UVF leader Gusty Spence (right) announced the loyalist ceasefires in 1994 THE Ulster Volunteer Force was outlawed after two Catholic men and a Protestant pensioner were killed by the. 2023 BBC. [46] This resulted in a sharp increase in sectarian killings and internecine feuding, both with the UDA and within the UVF itself. It used submachine guns, assault rifles, shotguns, pistols, grenades (including homemade grenades), incendiary bombs, booby trap bombs and car bombs. The gunmen shot dead six people and injured five. The Shankill loyalists supported Kilfedder and following his election as MP sent a letter to Paisley accusing him of treachery during the entire affair. This was a large, three-day riot between Irish nationalists and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). [30] There were bombings on 30 March, 4 April, 20 April, 24 April and 26 April. Flanked by his PUP colleagues Jim McDonald and William Plum Smith, as well as Ulster Democratic Party members Gary McMichael, John White and Davy Adams, Spence read out the statement from Fernhill a former Cunningham family home on their former Glencairn estate in Belfast's Glencairn area. "On behalf of Sinn Fein I would wish to extend my condolences to his family at this time.". Spence claimed that he was approached in 1965 by two men, one of whom was an Ulster Unionist Party MP, who told him that the UVF was to be re-established and that he was to have responsibility for the Shankill. In 2007, he announced that the UVF and an associated group, the Red Hand Commando, would cease to exist in their previous form. The 78-year-old died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness. In 1984, the UVF attempted to kill the northern editor of the Sunday World, Jim Campbell after he had exposed the paramilitary activities of Mid-Ulster brigadier Robin Jackson. Read about our approach to external linking. "[140], Protestants in Canada also supported the loyalist paramilitaries in the conflict. "[23] It was led by Gusty Spence, formerly a soldier in the British Army. Gusty Spence funeral to have no . While republicans were the expressed target, the attacks that followed were explicitly sectarian. Bates was born into an Ulster Protestant family and grew up in the Shankill Road area of Belfast.He had a criminal record dating back to 1966, and later became a member of the Ulster loyalist paramilitary organisation, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade carried out further attacks during this same period. The men were tried, and in March 1977 were sentenced to an average of twenty-five years each.[51][52]. Explosives for the north were mostly shipped in small boats which set out at night from the Scottish coast and made contact at sea with vessels from Ulster ports." In February, it began to target critics of militant loyalism the homes of MPs Austin Currie, Sheelagh Murnaghan, Richard Ferguson and Anne Dickson were attacked with improvised bombs. Gusty Spence was a significant figure in loyalist Belfast for most of . The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. It set up a paramilitary-style wing called the Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPV). [27] Spence appointed Samuel McClelland as UVF Chief of Staff in his stead. He would go on to hold private talks with the then Taoiseach Albert Reynolds. [158] Loyalists in Portadown such as Bobby Jameson have stated that the LVF (the Mid-Ulster Brigade that broke away from the main UVF - and led by Billy Wright) was not a 'loyalist organisation but a drugs organisation causing misery in Portadown. Veteran anti-UVF campaigner Raymond McCord, whose son, Raymond Jr., a Protestant, was beaten to death by UVF men in 1997, estimates the UVF has killed more than thirty people since its 1994 ceasefire, most of them Protestants. [9] He was also associated loosely with prominent loyalists such as Ian Paisley and Desmond Boal and was advised by both men in 1959 when he launched a protest against Gerry Fitt at Belfast City Hall after Fitt had described Spence's regiment as "murderers" over allegations that they had killed civilians in Cyprus. What's he waiting for? RT 2023. [15], Spence claimed that he was approached in 1965 by two men, one of whom was an Ulster Unionist Party MP, who told him that the Ulster Volunteer Force was to be re-established and that he was to have responsibility for the Shankill. Some of them left much of Belfast without power and water. 2023 BBC. After several years away from the spotlight, Spence was again asked to read the statement, a role which senior loyalists said was indicative of his significance within Northern Ireland loyalism. Bistir na Seanchille. It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have continued to engage in violence and criminal activities. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. [29], On 12 October, a loyalist protest in the Shankill became violent. [89][90] A dissident Republican was arrested for "the attempted murder of police officers in east Belfast" after shots were fired upon the police. The British Army were deployed on the streets of Northern Ireland. [66] The UVF also killed senior IRA paramilitary members Liam Ryan, John 'Skipper' Burns and Larry Marley. A former leader of the UVF's political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party, described him as "one of the pivots on which a page of Irish history turned". [29] Unionist support for O'Neill waned, and on 28 April he resigned as Prime Minister. [44] In 1977, he publicly condemned the use of violence for political gain, on the grounds that it was counter-productive. Its name was taken from . Of course, the UVF had a big role to play, with a masked Geordie Orr (another pivotal UVF figure notable by his absence from the book) and others . He was OC of the IRA in the Cavan area during the Border campaign in the late 1950s and early 1960s. [34] In December, the UVF detonated a car bomb near the Garda central detective bureau and telephone exchange headquarters in Dublin. The ferry [between Scotland and Northern Ireland] was pivotal in getting arms into the north and anything like checkpoints, or armed police and Army in Scotland would have b******d that all up.[148] An Irish government memo written by David Donoghue stated: "The commonest contribution of Scots UDA and UVF is to send gelignite. DeSantis won't say he's running. page 1. [47] Beginning in 1975, recruitment to the UVF, which until then had been solely by invitation, was now left to the discretion of local units.[48]. Skip to navigation [n] Skip to content [c] Skip to footer [f] Search Search. [151][152] These shipments were considered enough for the UVF/UDA to wage its campaign, most of which were used to kill its victims. 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