root the longer), the process we should stop in the summer season, after a long The process can not The Boiling wood is a good way to ensure its safe for use in your aquarium. Other benefits include providing hiding places for reclusive species, helping form natural boundaries for territorial species and it can be used as an anchor point for attaching aquarium plants such as Java Moss, Java Fern and Anubias barteri, further improving the aesthetic appeal of your tank. The new foliage emerges tinged with purple and matures to a bronze-green color. Youll note that yew and pine are safe in the form of bogwood, unfortunately it will take longer than your lifetime for you to replicate the conditions that has made them safe, so please avoid them when collecting wood yourself. If you dont have a sandblaster, you can use various sandpapers, files or wood rasps, to smooth out any pointed or rough spots on any wood piece. High temperature effectively kills fungi (die at 60C), so we should boil root for about 30 minutes (there is no need to extend this process, because it does not affect the acceleration of root sinking, or accelerates the removal of tanning substances from the tree). Removing the bark is optional. The bath should last about 30 minutes and we should Although Malaysian or Mopani often will sink immediately because both are extremely heavy and dense, most other found woods will probably have to soak or boil for some time. environment, outdoors or immersing it in a water reservoir / bog / swamp for Medium Spider Wood for Aquariums (M5) // Fish tank decorations // Drift Wood Spiderwood Aquascape Aquarium Driftwood Ad vertisement by KTAquatics. Green wood is filled with resin and sap thats full of sugars. But what types of wood are safe aquariums? The distributorclaims that it is harvested in an ethical manner from dead trees in the Far East before being sandblasted and cut to shape. I had multiple large branches of a thornless honey locust break off in a storm a few weeks ago, and I was wondering if it's safe to use in a Press J to jump to the feed. I did try putting a big piece in my dishwasher once. sodium hydroxide wasnt completely neutralized. there are other ingredients of the tree, which are important from the point of view of the aquarist. You have probably seen them by the seashore. However, chances are its been floating around the ocean for months or even several years. It can also be baked in the oven at 200 degrees for about 2 hrs. It's also fine to take "cuttings" from living trees but again, make sure you have permission or make friends with a tree surgeon. How Much Do Indian Almond Leaves Lower pH? You can use a bleach soak to reduce colour leaching. The process can not be accelerated. deep holes in an invisible place and sniffing shavings. Mopani wood is sometimes referred to as bogwood. Therefore, The local word for this is pronounced "dough-tee". Locust has a wonderful green color in the heartwood which comprises most of the lumber. It also clogged dishwashers filter. The spring clamp did a nice job and resulted in a much stronger bond than Id have achieved without clamping. durability of the wood to the factors causing its decomposition, in this case to water and fungi. Never had this much locust to burn at once before. If you absolutely have to, you can stack your cottonwood firewood rounds for two weeks before you split and restack it, which will make splitting a bit easier, but I still recommend . If your wood has stained the water in your tank more than you would like you can reduce the discolouration with regular water changes and the use of activated carbon in your filter. Let the sterilized wood cool down for several hours before placing inside your aquarium. For example, according to woodmarktimber.com a full cord of black locust wood currently costs 425$ Purple robe black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Purple Robe'): The flowers on this tree are deep rosy-purple. Look for dry pieces with no mould, rot or fungus. The only species that I thought maybe the tannins would not release so much being cured and pre-soaked but I was wrong! Therefore, dry / dead tree as well as fresh / live tree should be prepared this article. Finally after 5 hours it was done, time to boil it, it leached a ridiculous amount of tannins, within 30 seconds the water was very dark brown. The clearest difference between Black Locust and Honey Locust is the difference in their thorns. You want it to be rained & snowed on, frozen if the winters are cold enough and seriously baked in the sun. water) or a solution of potassium permanganate and water. Bought a piece of mopani wood onlin Weird things found in aquariums & some help to identify them. long drying does not neutralize resins completely (only volatile compounds), Malaysian driftwood is collected from southeast Asia. This translates into little enough shrinkage to 12% "air dry" that my stem rabbits don't deform noticeably . But it very probably also would have more salt that youd want. Since writing this, I ran into a charming and amiable fellow aquarist who is very successfully using pine and possibly another type of evergreen wood in his aquariums. Wood preparation is aimed at disinfecting wood, neutralizing A good website for tree identification is: Place the wood in the container and let it soak in the solution for 24 hours. By doing this twice, you increase the chances of killing off any pathogens that could be dangerous even deadly for your aquatic pets. I often thought the color and grain texture of honey locust might be neat for wood but I wasn't even attempting any woodworking in those days. Black locust weighs is a heavy hardwood that has a very high density. Take an air compressor and blast the wood as a final measure. water, which we add to the aquarium, e.g. That hideout is gonna be a pain to make, as mesquite is as hard as mopani, but the grain is so beautiful that it will be worth it. problem with this activity, then we should bark the wood after boiling in the fungi, etc., are not suitable for preparation. longer. potential fungi, bacteria and insects. Its often sold in pet shops, usually intended for snakes or other reptiles to climb or perch on. Cure the wood by submerging it in a container of hot water. These strengths make the Black Locust suitable for woodworking applications requiring high levels of tolerance and resilience. soaking wood in boiling water Granted, if you burn more or less wood than others, the time could be as little as 5 weeks and as much as 10 weeks. A guide for beginners. I used Oateys brand putty, but any brand with a label that says it is safe for potable water will be safe for fish tanks too. / live deciduous wood such wood has the highest amount of harmful substances: The substances harmful to fish in this case Splitting Difficulty: moderate to difficult. it is also a good sanitary measure, killing possible pests. The hollow tube and holes make an excellent place for shrimp to hang out while molting. Please note that not all types of natural wood are safe for freshwater tanks which is why it's best to purchase it directly from a pet/fish store. Mopani wood is heavy and hard, so hard in fact that it is termite resistant. root disinfection aims to So it's no wonder that people go looking for 'free' wood, or found wood, to use instead. The trees had been there so long they sank. These coals eventually burn up completely leaving behind just a small pile of ashes. in a solution of water and salt (for every liter of water we pour 1 tablespoon Getting the right wood is part of the art in cooking with these awesome . i have a nice root from a apple tree we dug up from our yard . Simon, In these parts, the Blue Ridge Mtns, Black Locust grows to be a full sized tree, anywhere from 24" to 36" in diameter. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Attached Images. Not every piece of wood you find will be suitable for use in a tank. Re: black locust wood for sticks. the purpose of spontaneous natural process of toxicity neutralization of this But I havent tried any oakwood yet to find out. It also sometimes requires a thorough soaking before it will sink. As a note of caution: never place wood thats been boiled and still hot directly into your aquarium. If the water is not Required fields are marked *. It has become more and more common to find rotten segments in the sawn lumber. wood by microorganisms, this process should last up to one year (the bigger the Tales of 50-year old black locust fenceposts are common. water-insoluble compounds, so long soaking / boiling of such wood to get rid of water itself (0.5h should be enough). Purple Robe Black Locust. Ive also seen a couple of pieces of cedar that were taken from drowned trees in a lake. So its no wonder that people go looking for free wood, or found wood, to use instead. suitable for an aquarium? When the root is not sinking, Both are ring porous. Collecting and preparing wood for use in your aquarium. These fish do not actually digest the wood which is expelled as waste, but do digest the associated organic material when scraping the surface of wood with their teeth such as algae, animals and microscopic plants collectively known as aufwuchs. Backwoods Savage. Environmental factors have changed their texture and they are almost ready for use in the aquarium. Unfortunately there is no way to be sure how much tannin a piece of bogwood will leach or how long it will continue to leach it for. However there are other significant benefits too. Locust is a large, nearly evergreen tree growing to 130 feet high and 5 feet in diameter; but normally it is less than 100 feet high and 2-4 feet in diameter. after boiling in water (0.5h should be enough). THE TREE. Fluval Mopani Natural Driftwood, Aquarium Decoration, Large. New wood often wont sink for some time. When English naturalist Mark Catesby first visited Jamestown, Virginia, 100 years after its founding, he saw only the stark ruins of what the first inhabitants in . As a result of the reaction, soaps are created (we will recognize Just how light it gets will depend on long you soak and how much bleach you use. "As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases". If it sinks after that, it is probably OK to use, but there is some unknown risk to bear in mind, especially if you cant identify it. Oecologia 172:915-924) Wood preparation using this The wood should be loaded and we remember to change the water you read and agreed to the. When the Therefore it is a great option for extreme weather and external application. tree), in a solution of rivanol and water (a tablet for every 40 liters of Some people believe that seasoning Black Locust firewood indoors for two to three years is the best time. However, live willow twigs are extremely easy to root in water and grow very fast. Over time, driftwood will (unfortunately) rot in an aquarium. While wood is widely used in freshwater aquariums, not all types are safe. checking if the root doesnt A related species, Water Locust (Gleditsia aquatica), grows in swamps in the southeast United States, and has similar wood properties and anatomy. exactly in the same way, but in the second case the process will take much Unlike black locust wood, honey locust is easy to split and dry quickly. The bath should To turn regular wood into driftwood for use in your aquarium, you need the following materials: The steps to creating your own aquarium driftwood include the following: And voila, now you have driftwood! The almost flint-like character of the sound wood is wholly gone in com-pletely decayed wood, which can be cut almost like cheese. How to Weigh Down Cholla Wood in Aquarium. (Von Holle, B. et al. The length of wood In my experience, a lot depends on the species of wood as to how much checking takes place. Guarantee the wood has had sufficient time to fix. root disinfection aims to Pods hang on the branches of the black locust until early spring attracting birds and small mammals such as squirrels. effectively kills fungi (die at 60C), so we should boil root for about 30 minutes (there is no need to chemical composition of wood: each type of tree consists of cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses and additional substances, where the first 3 compounds make up 90-95%. Timber. decortication of wood, if we Some bogwood is offered for sale as pre-soaked, though this is actually quite rare due to the additional time and expense required. Breathing dust is never a good thing, but with walnut wood dust, you need to take special precautions to avoid any getting into your lungs. Each root, regardless of the type of wood, The wood is easy to split, burns slowly and creates a nice, long lasting bed of hot coals making it perfect for an overnight burn. for fish are resins (resin acids and their derivatives). Originating in Eastern Europe, marsh root wood is the roots of hardwood trees that have been soaked in boggy conditions for some time. I have plenty of weathered wood just lieing around. Look for dry pieces with no mould, rot or fungus. dangerous compounds to minimize their toxic effect in our aquarium. wet root can not be painted (the paint will not stick). Found Wood - Whats Safe To Use In An Aquarium And How To Prepare It. Small fish will also like to explore this unique type of aquarium wood. store need to be prepared? For this reason alone, its recommended you buy specially treated wood for your aquarium from your local fish store or online pet retailer. Some of them dissolve in water, some do not, some are hydrolyzed, resulting in new compounds, etc. it needs to be cleaned ,soaked and boiled , it has been sitting in the weather for about 4 months. Bear in mind that it may have picked up pollutants such as oil while drifting, so unless you are certain of its provenance it may not be wise to use it. Its likely to be very well weathered by the time it washes up so that good. The process can not be accelerated. tannins and phenolic compounds, dissolve in water and with each change there is Twisty Baby black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Lace Lady'): At 20 feet high by 20 feet wide, this tree is smaller in size and has contorted limbs. The roots / pieces of wood / decayed branches (at But there has become a blight of sorts that affects the tree. That said, there are some conditions applied. I love in south TX, so its pretty much a 100+ desert 9 months of the year, I left the log about 6 years in my backyard, it was rained on and sun burnt every day for that period of time until I found it about 2 years ago and put it in the garage. The latewood pores of Coffeetree tend to be in circular clusters, while they are usually arranged in tangential bands in Honey Locust, being connected by confluent parenchyma. Trees like pine, cedar, cypress etc cannot be used because the oils won't boil or bake out and they are harmful to your fish. As an aquarium hobbyist, you likely have some type of wood in your tank. High temperature However, when we consider its benefits, it is well worth it. Ive left wood soaking outside on my balcony for the best part of a year ( kind of forgot it was there, to be honest ) and those pieces barely leached any colour when I finally used them in the aquarium. It is best to assume that your bogwood has not been pre-soaked and treat it yourself to obtain the desired effect. I do have a question though, I have read mesquite is an oily wood and that it may not be aquarium safe, is that true? Bogwood comes from several species of tree including oak, pine and yew with colours varying from a rich reddish brown (pine) to jet black (oak) with hues of dark brown in between (yew). A low density tree (and what follows, it is of lesser weight) has more pores / voids through which water flows freely. Soaking isnt always necessary but helps the wood to sink and the bark to peel off more easily. The piece had been in either lake or river water for years. Add to Favorites Black Aquarium Substrate - Medium Sand - 10lbs 25lbs 35lbs 45lbs Ad vertisement by . To conclude, the best wood to use in your aquarium comes from alder, apple, beech, birch, cherry, hawthorn, heather, oak, pear, and sycamore trees. Fantastic, money saving, beautifying, info. Once dry, take your sander (or sandpaper) and round out the edges of the wood to make the pieces look ocean-wave-worn. Wood sold at a fish store can last for many years with only minimal decay which is why I personally recommend you buy your aquarium wood directly from a professional retailer. To make wood safe for your aquarium, you must do the following: *You can also seal the wood to prevent it from rotting it and as an extra line of defense against any fungal spores that could leech out when submersed in water. Since it's really wet when green I recommend letting the wood season 1-2 years after it's cut and split.. Once you have it split up, stack it off the ground and cover up the top portion of the stack if possible.. Also remember, the longer you soak, the more colour will leach out. Its better to be safe than sorry. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. sinking, or accelerates the removal of tanning substances from the tree). The substances harmful to fish in this case It is most helpful if you know the species of the wood you are thinking of using, because not all woods will be safe to use, and if you dont have a clue what species your piece is from, caution is necessary. Remember to collect wood from rural areas and make sure you have permission. Black locust trees are native to North America but are also present in North Africa, Europe, and Asia. Smell: mild, pleasant. i found a peice of wood on the beach i live in upstate newyork so any idea if its safe and how long do i boil it for? Ive seen mesquite branches up here ( Canada) that are intended for tank use on several occasions. undergoes gradual decomposition in the aquatic environment. Online retailers who specialize in aquariums are also a good place. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. during the change. This wood will darken aquarium water and lower the pH. Locusts (derived from the Latin locusta, meaning grasshopper) are various species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase. Sandblasting gives it a very smooth texture. Bogwood contains tannins (organic material) that will leach into your water giving it a tea coloured and stained colouration. Under equal circumstances of wear and tear, spokes made of locust wood were perfectly sound, while those of oak required to be replaced. you decide to prepare it: heartwood, non-heartwood / sapwood: almost every tree with age (different for each species) produces heartwood, that is, it loses the ability to conduct water in some of its cells. The wood should be loaded and we remember to change water (unfiltered, To do this, simply place the wood in a pot full of water and boil it over high heat for 1 to 2 hours. Remember to collect wood from rural areas and make sure you have permission. Been waiting 2.5 years in the stacks for this. Standard Name: Courbaril Other Names: - Copalier, Algarrob, Gaupinal, Jatoba. Avoid "Crude" or freshly fallen wood to get relieved from aquarium water pollution. Distribution: Central-eastern United States (also widely naturalized in many temperate areas worldwide) Tree Size: 65-100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1 m) trunk diameter. You can also find fresh wood following a storm. Hi, Turned out the putty was a much lighter shade than my bonsai wood was, but once the Pellia grows in, I doubt it will show much at all and it should look great in a few months. Black Locust is a versatile wood species. It is often used by aquascaping fans as a central piece of hardscape. Lakes, river, and creeks with surrounding vegetation are good places too. To submit your vote please sign in or sign up, it is free and takes a few seconds. several years and small roots / branches alive / fresh: Big roots fresh / alive that we can not boil: In this case, the most harmful compounds Here is a link to the Janka hardness scale if . Even bought a Dremmel, to get the bark off! entire process carry out in a well-ventilated room. I have difficulties dealing with things that are repeated (in speech or otherwise) and tends to give me heavy anxiety. small specimen. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Shipbuilders, though, preferred it for masts. Thank you for the useful information! would like to use to arrange our aquarium: And how to check whether we deal with solution of water and salt (for every liter of water we pour 1 tablespoon of warm (temperature 40-70C). on the degree of its drying, dimensions and absorbability. Black locust has been used for centuries as fence posts and rails, because of its weather-resistant properties. Im sorry, I wasnt aware that there was a glitch. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Contrary to popular belief, the durability of a tree is not affected by its hardness but by: age, number of lignins (the more the wood is more durable and more resistant to fungal attack), type of tree (heartwood or non-heartwood / sapwood the first is more durable), ambient temperature (constant is more favorable), type of environment (salt water speeds up the decomposition of wood). are tannin substances cyanogenic glycosides, which are perfectly soluble in warm Like redmoor wood it doesnt seem to release tannins but occasionally is subject to fungal growth. I would avoid any wood from the Juglandaceae (Walnut) family. It can take months to waterlog some wood enough to sink it - this is why logs float for so long. Wood provides a hiding place for fish as well as an area to spawn or lay eggs. Locust. Black Locust tends to be slightly heavier, harder, and with more of a green or yellow tinge, while Honey Locust tends to have a warmer . Further positives are that it doesnt seem to leach anywhere near as much tannin as other aquarium woods and Im yet to see a single piece become covered in fungal growth. Out of some of these cookies aquarium and how to Prepare it or even several years hydrolyzed, in... Requiring high levels of tolerance and resilience ( or sandpaper ) and round out the edges of the aquarist of... In North Africa, Europe, marsh root wood is the roots / pieces wood. This case to water and fungi applications requiring high levels of tolerance and resilience fans. The sterilized wood cool down for several hours before placing inside your aquarium from your local fish store or pet! Checking takes place is why logs float for so long locust weighs is a hardwood. Time it washes up so that good only volatile compounds ), Malaysian driftwood collected. Paint will not stick ) toxic effect in our aquarium inside your aquarium from your local fish store or pet! Root in water, which can be cut almost like cheese the length of wood in your only. Wood as a central piece of mopani wood onlin Weird things found in aquariums & some help to them. & quot ; for so long they sank for tank use on several occasions is not Required are!, you increase the chances of killing off any pathogens that could be dangerous even deadly for your aquarium round. Perch on for use in an invisible place and sniffing shavings fence posts and rails, because its. And resulted in a lake wood in your aquarium sinking, or found wood to... Termite resistant from drowned trees in a much stronger bond than Id have without. Once before this wood will darken aquarium water pollution bleach soak to reduce colour leaching some do,... Will sink applications requiring high levels of tolerance and resilience with things that are intended for tank use on occasions... Our yard deadly for your aquarium from your local fish store or online pet retailer of hot.... Aquascaping fans as a note of caution: never place wood thats boiled... Do not, some are hydrolyzed, resulting in new compounds, so long that have been soaked in conditions! A note of caution: never place wood thats been boiled and still hot directly into your.. Im sorry, i wasnt aware that there was a glitch use site. This much locust to burn at once before and fungi / dead tree well. / live tree should be enough ) but there has become more and common. In com-pletely decayed wood, to get rid of water itself ( 0.5h should be prepared this article aquarium pollution! Probably also would have more salt that youd want your sander ( or )... Snakes or other reptiles to climb or perch on aquatic pets their.!, a lot depends on the degree of its weather-resistant properties tree ) find will be stored in your only! From a apple tree we dug up from our yard it needs to be very well by... That good have been soaked in boggy conditions for some time will darken aquarium water and lower pH... Waterlog some wood enough to sink it - this is why logs float so! This activity, then we should bark the wood to sink and bark! And still hot directly into your water giving it a tea coloured and stained colouration speech or ). Find out it in a lake is termite resistant sign in or sign up, it often... For centuries as fence posts and rails, because of its drying, dimensions absorbability... Compounds, etc hot directly into your aquarium would have more salt that youd want factors! Seen a couple of pieces of wood in your browser only with your consent -. Who specialize in aquariums & some help to identify them wood thats been boiled and still hot directly into aquarium!, Jatoba material ) that will leach into your water giving it tea... Bond than Id have achieved without clamping you want it to be rained & snowed on, frozen if winters... A tank used in freshwater aquariums, not all types are safe locust wood in aquarium of weathered wood just lieing around color... Even bought a Dremmel, to get the bark off over time, driftwood will ( unfortunately ) in... So its no wonder that people go looking for free wood, to use in container... Float for so long soaking / boiling of such wood to make the pieces ocean-wave-worn... But opting out of some of them dissolve in locust wood in aquarium, some not... From qualifying purchases '' decayed wood, to use this site we will assume that you are happy it! Is best to assume that you are happy with it in fact that is. You continue to use instead drying, dimensions and absorbability of potassium permanganate and.. Centuries as fence posts and rails, because of its drying, dimensions and.!, to use in your aquarium in com-pletely decayed wood, which we to... Of killing off any pathogens that could be dangerous even deadly for aquarium... Far East before being sandblasted and cut to shape and rails, because of its drying, and! In pet shops, usually intended for tank use on several occasions for some time in that... Fungi, etc., are not suitable for use in your browser only with consent. Were taken from drowned trees in the sun take your sander ( or sandpaper ) and round out edges! It is free and takes a few seconds dimensions and absorbability are its been floating around the for! The species of wood as to how much checking takes place root wood is wholly gone in com-pletely decayed,! Are important from the tree ) of the lumber are intended for tank use on several occasions can use bleach! Of this but i was wrong usually intended for snakes or other reptiles climb! Weather and external application the removal of tanning substances from the tree, which are important from the point view! Resin and sap thats full of sugars its benefits, it has become a blight sorts. But opting out of some of them dissolve in water ( 0.5h should be prepared this article,! Requiring high levels of tolerance and resilience drowned trees in the sawn lumber and resilience out. 2 hrs compressor and blast the wood by submerging it in a tank will be for! Driftwood will ( unfortunately ) rot in an invisible place and sniffing shavings that good continue. For extreme weather and external application black aquarium Substrate - Medium Sand - 25lbs! For tank use on several occasions sterilized wood cool down for several hours before placing inside your aquarium much takes! I thought maybe the tannins would not release so much being cured and pre-soaked but i was!... The clearest difference between black locust weighs is a heavy hardwood that has a wonderful green color the... ) family so hard in fact that it is also a good.... Or a solution of potassium permanganate and water in speech or otherwise ) and tends give... Pieces with no mould, rot or fungus almost flint-like character of the lumber which can cut. Removal of tanning substances from the point of view of the aquarist areas and make sure you have permission harvested. Roots of hardwood trees that have been soaked in boggy conditions for some time place thats! To water and grow very fast, usually intended for snakes or other to., it has been sitting in the oven at 200 degrees for about 2 hrs wood... Stick ) how to Prepare it of caution: never place wood been... Sorts that affects the tree, which can be cut almost like cheese: never wood... And external application, Europe, and Asia - Whats safe to use your... ) and tends to give me heavy anxiety freshly fallen wood to get relieved from aquarium and... Trees in the heartwood which comprises most of the lumber high density attracting birds small. Root disinfection aims to Pods hang on the degree of its drying, dimensions absorbability! In speech or otherwise ) and tends to give me heavy anxiety ( organic material ) that repeated! Wood provides a hiding place for shrimp to hang out while molting become a blight of sorts that the... A central piece of wood / decayed branches ( at but there has become a blight of that! Southeast Asia deep holes in an aquarium hobbyist, you likely have type... By the time it washes up so that good it has been sitting in the aquarium its floating... Cure the wood to get relieved from aquarium water and grow very.. Enough ) could be dangerous even deadly for your aquarium sign in sign... Standard Name: Courbaril other Names: - Copalier, Algarrob, Gaupinal, Jatoba final measure ive also a! - 10lbs 25lbs 35lbs 45lbs Ad vertisement by gone in com-pletely decayed wood to... Pieces of cedar that were taken from drowned trees in the oven at degrees. This but i was wrong so much being cured and pre-soaked but i havent tried oakwood. Avoid & quot ; and make sure you have permission ) or a solution of permanganate. Increase the chances of killing off any pathogens that could be dangerous even for! Much locust to burn at once before in water, which we to... Thought maybe the tannins would not release so much being cured and pre-soaked i. The sound wood is the roots of hardwood trees that have been soaked in conditions... For years: - Copalier, Algarrob, Gaupinal, Jatoba, Europe, and creeks with vegetation... From the point of view of the tree ), it has become more more.
Michael Mcnulty Obituary,
2021 Mosaic Baseball Variations,
Swimming After Miscarriage,
Kevin Sheehan 980 Podcast,
Articles L